This post aims to remind vessel owners and operators abouth the importance of establishing effective fuel oil changeover procedures to comply with MARPOL Annex VI emission regulations. There have been many incidents involving substantial fuel leakages while vessels were switching fuel oil to ensure compliance. Such fuel releases may result in pollution , injury or even death of personnel and engine room fires. Furthermore, many losses of propulsion have occured in different ports and have been associated with changeover procedures.
On January 1, 2015, the new fuel oil sulfur limit authorized by MARPOL Annex VI, Regulation 14.3.4 came into effect. Fuel sulfur content was lowered from 1.0% to 0.10%. As regards the North American and U.S. Carribbean Sea Emission Control Areas (ECA), the 0.10% sulfur content must be used for the entire time the vessel is operating there. Vessels using higher sulfur content fuels must change to ultra low sulfur (ULS) fuel oil to comply on inbound and outbound transits, at the dock, and anytime within the ECA. Each ship is required to develop and implement changeover procedures for switching between residual and distillate fuels in accordance with MARPOL Annex VI, Regulation 14.6.
In some cases vessels may require fuel oil service or day tank modifications or fuel oil service piping modifications to facilitate safe procedures and compliant fuel operations within the ECAs. The management of changeover procedures such as proper control and reduction of the operating temperature of fuel supplied, varying ratios of the mixed fuels and control of mixed fuel viscosity to the engines must take place before the vessel enters the ECAs or after the vessel leaves the ECAs. The amounts of ULS fuel oil onboard must be enough to satisfy the vessel's fuel demand at all times while the vessel operates within the ECAs or efforts should be made to take on additional ULSF while in port.
It is recommended that the vessel owners and operators:
On January 1, 2015, the new fuel oil sulfur limit authorized by MARPOL Annex VI, Regulation 14.3.4 came into effect. Fuel sulfur content was lowered from 1.0% to 0.10%. As regards the North American and U.S. Carribbean Sea Emission Control Areas (ECA), the 0.10% sulfur content must be used for the entire time the vessel is operating there. Vessels using higher sulfur content fuels must change to ultra low sulfur (ULS) fuel oil to comply on inbound and outbound transits, at the dock, and anytime within the ECA. Each ship is required to develop and implement changeover procedures for switching between residual and distillate fuels in accordance with MARPOL Annex VI, Regulation 14.6.
In some cases vessels may require fuel oil service or day tank modifications or fuel oil service piping modifications to facilitate safe procedures and compliant fuel operations within the ECAs. The management of changeover procedures such as proper control and reduction of the operating temperature of fuel supplied, varying ratios of the mixed fuels and control of mixed fuel viscosity to the engines must take place before the vessel enters the ECAs or after the vessel leaves the ECAs. The amounts of ULS fuel oil onboard must be enough to satisfy the vessel's fuel demand at all times while the vessel operates within the ECAs or efforts should be made to take on additional ULSF while in port.
It is recommended that the vessel owners and operators:
- Ensure fuel oil switching is accomplished outside of busy traffic lanes and the EC. Generally, the ECA is 200 nm from the North American coast and 50 miles from the U.S. Caribbean coast (e.g., the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)
- Utilize their technical resources to develop safe operations and maintain full compliance with emission requirements
- Consult with engine and boiler manufactures for fuel oil changeover guidance and to determine if system modifications and additional safeguards are necessary
- Consult fuel supplier for proper fuel selection
- Ensure all sensors, controls and alarms - pressure, temperature, viscosity, differential pressure, flow indicators, etc., are operational and functional as designed
- Ensure system piping, seals, gaskets, flanges, fittings, brackets, etc., are maintained
- Ensure detailed system schematics are available
- Review and update fuel oil changeover procedures as needed
- Establish a fuel oil system inspection and maintenance schedule
- Review and update fuel changeover procedures based on lessons learned
- Provide initial and periodic crew training for accomplishing safe, effective and leak-free fuel switching
- Remember that the energy content of a given volume of ULS fuel oil may differ from residual fuel, such that existing throttle settings may not give the desired propeller shaft RPM or generator loads and performance/speed trials on ULS fuel oil may need to be conducted
- Anticipate that there may be many technical challenges for operators when beginning to use ULS fuel oil as a matter of routine and compliance. These range from excessive leakages of fuel system components, increased wear and tear on these components, lack of lubricity of the fuels and the need for possible changes in maintenance schedules , operational methods, etc.
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